Next-generation sequencing (NGS or Next-gen Sequencing) refers to several technologies that allow researchers to rapidly sequence large volumes of DNA and RNA. NGS technologies enable more efficient and cost-effective DNA and RNA sequencing compared to older technologies (i.e. Sanger sequencing). NGS has revolutionized the study of genomics by helping to characterize the genetic markers associated with diseases and has transformed clinical care by informing the development of targeted therapies. Oncology has been at the forefront of this transformation, as NGS has allowed for rapid and detailed testing of individual patient tumors, enabling doctors to tailor therapies based on their patient’s specific risk and sensitivity profiles.